Operator compilation · Learned corrections · Cross-layer composition

Qwen → HDC.
All 64 blocks.
Both quality gates pass.

Can we preserve a language model’s behavior when its transformer operators are recompiled into population arithmetic—and then learn a smaller mesh that combines layers?

All-64 held-out evaluation passed
EXPERIMENT LOG
NEWEST FIRST

The latest verified steps.

This log grows as meaningful results are checked. Preparation milestones do not count as new model-quality measurements.

  1. Verified · both held-out gates pass

    The full 64-block chain preserves held-out token choices

    Known-test: 491 / 512 matches (95.8984%), mean KL 0.00594440. Fresh article-disjoint test: 125 / 128 (97.65625%), mean KL 0.00601305. Each independently passes the predeclared ≥95% agreement and ≤0.05 mean-KL thresholds. The frozen model was not fitted or selected using these scores.

    All 64 replacement blocks ran in sequence, without a native transformer tail or teacher-state resets. Embedding, final RMSNorm, and vocabulary head remained native. The run completed at 01:44 UTC; final candidate states were archived before scoring.

    The independent audit checks final state hashes and Q24 decoding, source and frozen-payload bindings, selected original endpoints, hidden-state errors, and score-row aggregates. A separate recovery audit verifies all 2,811 published files. It does not independently recompute logits, replay the full chain, or locally rehash the large base payloads.

    The instance is terminated and both scoped controllers retired. Cumulative compute estimate: $23.02 of the same $50 cap, not an invoice. This is a short-context teacher-fidelity result, not task accuracy, generation quality, compression, speedup, or successful fusion.

  2. Verified · execution freeze

    All 64 bases rebuilt; held-out testing begins

    All 64 rebuilt base receipts match the frozen originals. The independent recovery audit also confirms that all 64 correction archives are byte-exact, all 107,186 frozen payload records are unchanged, and all 276 original source files are preserved. The five approved continuation and output-head files are the only source additions.

    The first four blocks reproduce their saved integer fixtures exactly: 163,840 values checked, zero mismatches. The execution freeze binds the selected original teacher endpoints and the explicit reference policy. Known-test workers have now started after that freeze, with no refitting.

    This establishes a verified continuation checkpoint, not all-64 held-out quality. The host compares base receipts, not the large base payload bytes; it does not independently replay the full chain or recompute head logits. Estimated cumulative compute is approximately $16.54 under the same guarded $50 cap, not an invoice.

  3. Verified · continuation milestone

    Past the reference stop; original bases are rebuilding

    The A10’s ordinary head reproduces the earlier saved-state report byte for byte: 124 / 128 agreement; mean KL 0.00751416. This repeats the validation diagnostic; it is not a fresh student trajectory.

    A fresh read-only audit rehashes all 352 uploaded inputs and verifies all eight selected native endpoints against the original archives. Fresh initial embeddings remain exact; the differing regenerated validation endpoint is preserved separately. 22 of 64 rebuilt base receipts match the original receipts retained locally. The guest checks base payloads; this host audit compares receipts, not the large payload bytes.

    One guarded A10 is active within the same cumulative $50 cap. Estimated compute through this check is approximately $16.00, not an invoice. No all-64 held-out result yet.

  4. Verified locally · policy versioned

    Keep the original teacher targets fixed

    The explicit frozen-native-endpoints-v1 policy selects archived original h0 and h64 for every split. Fresh h0 must match exactly. Fresh h64 and intermediate native states are diagnostics only; all fresh endpoints are retained.

    All 55 focused tests pass, including a replay of the actual previous mismatch and rejection of a corrupt selected target. The historical strict-reproduction test still fails on that fixture: selection is not successful reproduction. The model, corrections, original 276 source files, corpora, no-refit rule, exact base gates, and held-out thresholds stay fixed. A single frozen continuation is launched.

  5. Historical · run closed

    Head repair succeeds; native-reference equality fails

    The A10 successfully scores the saved all-64 validation states. The following strict gate stops on the last eight positions of one regenerated validation sequence, before rebuilding bases or executing held-out student inputs. The failed run is recovered and closed; all eight allocations up to this point are absent. Cumulative compute estimate: $15.33. The later entries above describe the authorized continuation.

01THE RESULT
AND ITS LIMITS

Full-depth composition holds
on both held-out tests.

We have executed a chain of 64 HDC replacement blocks on both predetermined held-out sets. Each block receives the preceding replacement’s output; there is no native transformer tail and no reset to the teacher’s intermediate state.

The frozen replacement chain passes both original quality gates when scored through Qwen’s ordinary native output stage on an NVIDIA A10. No corrections were refitted after seeing these results.

All 64 replaced · known-test

95.90%

Teacher next-token agreement

491 / 512 choices · 64 sequences
Last 8 valid positions per sequence

Mean KL 0.00594440

21 differing choices. Both the agreement and distribution-divergence gates pass.

All 64 replaced · fresh-test

97.66%

Teacher next-token agreement

125 / 128 choices · 16 sequences
Articles disjoint from prior corpora

Mean KL 0.00601305

3 differing choices. Both gates pass independently on this fresh set.

Agreement with a teacher is not task accuracy, factual correctness, or free-running generation quality. These are 80 short-context sequences, at most 64 tokens each; broader generalization remains to be tested.

The all-64 held-out milestone is complete.

The original model, corrections, teacher endpoints, and quality thresholds stayed frozen. This establishes useful compositional fidelity for this test protocol. It does not establish a smaller or faster model, or successful cross-layer fusion.

Historical comparators: the first-four replacement test matched 493 / 512 choices (96.29%, mean KL 0.00448743), with 60 native blocks remaining. The all-64 saved-state validation diagnostic matched 124 / 128 (96.875%, mean KL 0.00751416), on data used for correction selection. Neither is a substitute for the new held-out results.

02WHAT CHANGED

All transformer blocks replaced.
Not every model component.

The source is the pinned mlx-community/Qwen3.8-27B-4bit checkpoint: a 5,120-dimensional residual stream, with 48 linear-attention / GatedDeltaNet blocks and 16 full-attention blocks. We preserve the learned information and causal structure while changing the arithmetic used by the replacement operators.

The evaluated composition

Tokens → embeddingNative · unchanged
HDC blocks 0–63Compiled base + learned corrections
Final norm + headNative · unchanged
Token distributionCompared with native Qwen
48 linear attention16 full attention
00010203040506070809101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263
Every block shown ran in both completed held-out chains, as well as the earlier training and validation chain. No native transformer blocks remained in the candidate path. Embedding, final normalization, and the vocabulary head remain outside replacement coverage.

What is different

Dense floating-point projection operators are represented through multibit population counts, integer operations, and explicit fixed-point boundaries. The correction mesh is compiled into this arithmetic too.

What is inherited

Much of Qwen’s weight information and block structure. This is a new execution representation with learned corrections—not a small, independently learned binary model.

The artifact is a reconstruction package, not a ready-to-ship model. All 64 correction archives, source bindings, saved calibration and final held-out states, scores, and frozen payload manifests are preserved. The large compiled base payloads were not retained locally. They were rebuilt on the A10 and passed the guest’s exact payload gate; the host audit confirms matching original receipts. The cloud instance has now been terminated.

03THE PROCESS
AND THE MATH

Recompile the base.
Learn the residual error.

A compiled block carries most of the original transformation. A smaller, SVD-guided response mesh learns to correct its error. Importantly, we fit against the states produced by the actual preceding student blocks, so calibration sees accumulated drift.

Inside a replacement block

Current student state xt + causal historyNo teacher-state reset between blocks
Compiled base blockInherited operators → integer / population arithmetic
Base output btSent to both the correction encoder and the final sum
Encode [xt; bt]Training-activation SVD coordinates
Linear + ReLU + prefix meanLearned mixer → residual-SVD decoder
↓   Next student state = bt + learned correctionThis output becomes the next block’s input
The encoder sees both the current input and the compiled base’s output. Prefix features only include past and current tokens and reset for each sequence. The frozen block-0 correction uses a simpler feature variant.

1. Integer arithmetic—not float bit strings

A scalar is encoded as a count plus a group scale. The main projection representation uses P = 2,046, 11 packed count bits per coordinate, and groups of 64 coordinates. Residual interfaces use Q24 fixed point. This is multibit numerical coding, not a one-bit sign vector.

Represented scalari = sg(2ci − P) / P,   ci ∈ {0, …, P}xQ24 = q / 224

For a group G with n coordinates, weight counts ai and activation counts ci give an exact integer accumulator:

Population dot productDG = ∑i∈G (2ai − Pw)(2ci − Px)= 4∑i aici − 2Pxi ai − 2Pwi ci + nPwPxi aici = ∑b,d 2b+d popcount(Ab AND Cd)represented dot product = ∑g sw,gsx,gDG / (PwPx)

Ab and Cd are packed bit planes of the counts. The last expression is before specified rounding and requantization. The AND/popcount path and optimized integer-count path express the same algebra. Exactness is for encoded numbers; it does not remove quantization or nonlinear-approximation error relative to Qwen.

2. SVD coordinates plus a causal learned mesh

Let bt be the base block’s output on the student’s causal input. E extracts standardized training-activation SVD coordinates; μ is their center. Ur contains dominant output-error directions.

Real-valued fitting equationszt = E[xt; bt] − μφt = [zt; ReLU(zt); (1/t)∑s=1…t zs; 1]ŷt = bt + α(UrAᵀφt + β)

With teacher targets Y and base outputs B, let R = Y − B, β be the mean residual, and Rc = R − 1βᵀ. For row-wise feature matrix Φ, the mixer is a ridge-regression fit:

Training-only fitA* = arg minA ‖ΦA − RcUr‖²F + λ‖A‖²FA* = (ΦᵀΦ + λI)−1ΦᵀRcUr

Rank, ridge penalty, and correction strength are selected on validation. The frozen first four blocks are reused; deeper corrections are fitted on composed student trajectories. Training uses floating-point SVD and linear algebra. Evaluation uses the reloaded compiled correction, with integer ReLU, fixed-point rounding, and signed truncation for prefix means.

These SVD directions are data-dependent reconstruction coordinates. They are not established “meaning eigenvectors” of a nonlinear transformer. Native reference targets supervise fitting; the deployed replacement does not read teacher targets.

3. Why cross-layer fusion is worth testing

For two strictly linear operators, SVD exposes an exact intermediate coordinate map:

Exact linear composition identityW₂W₁ = U₂Σ₂(V₂ᵀU₁)Σ₁V₁ᵀ

The map V₂ᵀU₁ may offer a compact connection between subspaces. Real transformer blocks also contain normalization, attention, gates, nonlinearities, recurrent state, and rounding. A learned fused mesh must approximate that intervening computation; the linear identity alone does not justify deleting a block.

The practical target is a smaller base—not merely a smaller correction.

Compressing a small correction cannot substantially shrink the model while large inherited operators remain. Fusion becomes useful only when it removes substantial base payload and preserves quality on unseen inputs.

04PROGRESS
AND LESSONS

From one block to a full chain.

Model-quality evidence and engineering recovery are separate milestones. A repaired runner is valuable, but it is not a new accuracy result.

  1. Verified · local replacement

    Compile and learn a block

    Establish an integer/population base and an SVD-guided correction; reload and evaluate the compiled artifact. Exact encoded arithmetic is distinct from approximation to the native block.

  2. Verified · held-out four-block chain

    Compose four replacements

    493 / 512 teacher choices match (96.29%); mean KL 0.00448743. The other 60 transformer blocks remain native.

  3. Exploratory · matched-quality gate failed

    Remove a block and train fusion

    Initial two-block fusion removes 49.59% of that HDC pair’s payload, but validation agreement falls to 117 / 128 (91.41%). A separate tiny training probe shows that compiled parameters respond to an output-KL signal.

  4. Verified · full-depth calibration

    Execute and freeze all 64 replacements

    Training and validation trajectories reach depth 64 without a native tail. Validation hidden-state update-relative L2 is 8.4701% over 512 tokens. All 64 correction archives and the model freeze are recovered and checked.

  5. Verified · saved-state output diagnostic

    Repair and run the ordinary native head

    An initial Metal-only helper failed on NVIDIA. The repaired ordinary head scores saved all-64 states: 124 / 128 agreement on both Mac and A10. On the A10, mean KL is 0.00751416. No refitting follows this diagnostic.

  6. Historical · failed continuation closed

    A native-reference equality check stops the earlier run

    The final eight positions of one regenerated validation sequence differ from the archived native reference. Initial embeddings and train / both held-out final native endpoints match exactly. That strict gate remains a failed historical result; no compiled-base rebuild or held-out student evaluation follows in that run.

  7. Verified · reference policy implemented

    Select the immutable original endpoints

    Version the choice of archived h0/h64 as scoring authority, require fresh h0 equality, and preserve fresh endpoint differences. Local failure replay and 55 regressions pass; the new A10 continuation passes selection and starts exact base rebuilding.

  8. Verified · all bases rebuilt and frozen

    Bind the unchanged execution package

    All 64 base receipts and correction archives match the originals. The first-four integer fixture is exact, and the execution freeze binds original payload records, sources, selected endpoints, and reference policy.

  9. Verified · both held-out gates pass

    Run and audit all 64 replacements

    Known-test491 / 512 choices match; fresh-test125 / 128. Mean KL is 0.00594440 and 0.00601305 respectively. Final states and score aggregates are independently checked; cloud recovery and shutdown are complete. No test fitting occurred.

What did the fusion experiments actually establish?
Related exploratory probes—not full-depth quality acceptance
ProbeMeasurementInterpretation
Initial pair fusion49.59295% less HDC pair payload
91.40625% validation agreement
Mean KL 0.111719
Real base removal; quality gate failed.
Compiled-parameter trainingKL 0.00586420 → 0.00148589
74.66% reduction
One eight-token training prefix, two scored positions, with native blocks downstream. Positive trainability evidence, not validation recovery.
Later basic fusion mesh15.2923% hidden-state update error
45.6347% pair payload reduction
Failed the 10% state-error gate. No output score measured. 15.29% error does not mean 84.71% accuracy.

The unfused four-block HDC payload was 3,178,181,201 bytes versus 856,404,288 bytes for those native 4-bit blocks—about 3.71× larger. Pair-relative fusion savings do not establish compression versus the original checkpoint.

Why not extrapolate a four-block result to 64?

Each replacement sees the accumulated error of earlier replacements. Even a small local approximation can grow or shrink downstream. Under a local Lipschitz assumption for the native block F:

‖eℓ+1‖ ≤ L‖e‖ + εε = ‖F̂(Ĥ) − F(Ĥ)‖

We have not measured certified L values. This motivates testing the whole chain; it is not a numerical guarantee.

05COMPLETED TEST
AND NEXT STEPS

One frozen model.
Two held-out gates.

The completed quality experiment restored and froze the existing model, without fitting a new one. Both predetermined splits have now completed the 64-block student trajectory and passed their output gates.

  1. 01 · Passed

    Restore and verify

    Check source and input hashes; restore corrections and saved states.

  2. 02 · Passed

    Run the A10 head

    Score the detached saved-state validation fixture before expensive rebuilding.

  3. 03 · Passed new policy

    Select frozen references

    Original h0/h64 are authoritative. Fresh h0 exact; fresh h64 retained as diagnostics.

  4. 04 · Passed

    Rebuild and freeze

    64 / 64 base receipts match origin. First-four integer fixtures exact; execution freeze independently verified.

  5. 05 · Completed

    Execute held-out inputs

    Both splits ran through all 64 replacements, with no native resets or fitting. Final states archived before scoring.

  6. 06 · Both gates passed

    Score, audit and close

    Independent final-state and score audit passes. All 2,811 recovery files verified; instance terminated.

Frozen data roles and scoring plan
SplitSequences × maximum lengthRoleScored output positions
Training32 × 32 tokensFit bases / correctionsNot an acceptance set
Validation16 × 32 tokensSelect correction candidates128 diagnostic choices
Known-test64 × 64 tokensHeld-out quality gate512 planned choices
Fresh-test16 × 64 tokensArticle-disjoint from prior corpora128 planned choices

Score the last eight valid positions in each sequence. Each held-out split must independently achieve at least 95% teacher top-1 agreement and mean KL ≤ 0.05. No held-out results may be used for fitting or selecting this frozen candidate.

For teacher distribution p and student distribution q, over M scored positionsagreement = (1/M) ∑j 1[arg maxv pj(v) = arg maxv qj(v)]mean KL = (1/M) ∑jv pj(v) log(pj(v) / qj(v))
The earlier blocker, and the implemented reference policy

In the previous run, regenerated native validation h64 differed at sequence 15 (zero-based), positions 24–31: 33,712 of 2,621,440 valid values changed, maximum absolute difference 2.5, relative L2 0.001259757934334714. The difference is numerical, not archive serialization. Its specific cause is not established.

All four initial-embedding files and final native train, known-test, and fresh-test endpoints matched the original exactly. These are native reference checks, not held-out HDC model scores.

Implemented and verified: frozen-native-endpoints-v1 explicitly selects the archived original teacher endpoints. Fresh initial embeddings must still match exactly; fresh final and intermediate native states are diagnostic, not replacement targets. Fresh endpoints are preserved separately. Policy and selection hashes are bound to the execution freeze and final audit. Model payloads and held-out thresholds remain unchanged.

This is a documented change to the reference contract, not evidence that the original byte-equality gate now passes or that the numerical cause has been cured.

What would make this useful?

  • Established here: bounded held-out fidelity. Both all-64 gates pass on the frozen short-context protocol. Extend coverage with separately preregistered data and longer contexts.
  • Next: actual compaction. Use this unfused chain as the control when training a fused mesh that removes large inherited operators. Reserve new held-out data for any newly selected candidate.
  • Then: execution value. Measure storage, latency, throughput, and energy on a declared platform against a comparable native baseline.
  • Still unproven: full-model storage savings, speedup, robust generation quality, matched-quality fusion, and complete FPGA inference. No new paid run is launched by this result.
06EVIDENCE
AND PROVENANCE

A dated record, not a live monitor.

This page summarizes retained experiment artifacts and independent checks. All nine allocations in this campaign are closed. The last instance was confirmed absent at 01:47 UTC, and its two scoped controllers were retired. Cumulative compute estimate is $23.019946 under the same $50 cap ($34.529919 including the 50% reserve), not an invoice. Shutdown preceded the unchanged compute cutoff of 8 September 08:30:51 UTC and provider deadline of 09:30:51 UTC.

The final audit checks frozen source/payload maps, base receipts, correction bytes, selected endpoints, final-state hashes, exact Q24 decoding, independently recomputed hidden-state errors, and score-row aggregates. It does not independently recompute all head logits, locally rehash large base payload bytes, or replay the full trajectory. Those limits remain part of the result. The now-retired shutdown guard depended on the supervising Mac and network, not a provider-hosted TTL.

Download evidence snapshot
Pinned checkpoint
mlx-community/Qwen3.8-27B-4bit
Revision 3e6447f082e89cc7f0bc6e5441afd38dfce760ff
Original all-64 model freeze · SHA-256
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A10 validation head result · SHA-256
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Independent head verification · SHA-256
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Native endpoint reproduction diagnostic · SHA-256
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Hashes identify retained internal evidence; they are not a public replication package or a proof by themselves. The downloadable snapshot contains the publication-safe measurements and their scope, not checkpoints, raw corpora, or infrastructure credentials.

Frozen native endpoint policy · SHA-256
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Real mismatch replay · SHA-256
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Selected endpoint receipt · SHA-256
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Read-only continuation audit · SHA-256
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Continuation execution freeze · SHA-256
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Independent execution-freeze audit · SHA-256
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Known-test all-64 result · SHA-256
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Fresh-test all-64 result · SHA-256
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Independent final-results audit · SHA-256
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Final-state archive · SHA-256
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Completion marker · SHA-256
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